Setting the Congestion Threshold Value for Storage I/O Control

This is a great KB article from VMware worth reposting.  I’m going to start analyzing storage I/O more today on all the arrays I have and LUNs.  Article Source:  http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1019687

Setting the congestion Threshold Value for Storage I/O Control

Details

The congestion threshold value for a datastore is the upper limit of latency that is allowed for a datastore before Storage I/O Control begins to assign importance to the virtual machine workloads according to their shares. You do not need to adjust the congestion threshold setting in most environments.
CAUTION Storage I/O Control will not function correctly unless all datatores that share the same spindles on the array have the same congestion threshold.

Solution

 If you do change the threshold setting, set the value based on the following considerations.
  • A higher value typically results in higher aggregate throughput and weaker isolation. Throttling will not occur unless the overall average latency is higher than the threshold
  • If throughput is more critical than latency, do not set the value too low. For example, for Fibre Channel disks, a value below 20 ms could lower peak disk throughput. On the other hand, a very high value (above 50 ms) might allow very high latency without any significant gain in overall throughput.
  • A lower value will result in lower device latency and stronger virtual machine I/O performance isolation. Stronger isolation means that the shares controls are enforced more often. Lower device latency translates into lower I/O latency for the virtual machines with the highest shares, at the cost of higher I/O latency experienced by the virtual machines with fewer shares.
  • If latency is more important, a very low value (lower than 20 ms) will result in lower device latency and better isolation among IOs at the cost of a decrease in aggregate datastore throughput.

Procedure

  1. Select a datastore in the vSphere Client inventory and click the Configuration tab.
  2. Click Properties.
  3. Under Storage I/O Control, select the Enabled check box.
  4. Click Advanced to edit the congestion threshold value for the datastore. The value must be between 10 and 100. You can click Reset to restore the congestion threshold setting to the default value (30 ms).
  5. Click Close.
For more information see the section “Managing Storage I/O Resources” on the “vSphere Resource Management Guide” (pdf) http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/.

Batch File to Cleanup Windows 2000, XP and Server 2003 User Profiles, Temp Folders, Internet Explorer Temporary Files

I’ve had this around for the longest time and figured I better put it here before I lose it forever to the dying Microsoft releases.

Note: This also cleans up VMware temporary files which build up over time. See this post for more information:  VMware Tray Dump Files Chewing up Space

Update: Added line to remove Temporary Internet Files directory/subdirectories also.

@echo off
setlocal
@for /d %%d in ( C:\Documents and Settings\* ) do @(
  echo %%d
  if exist %%d\Application Data\VMware (
    del /q %%d\Application Data\VMware\*.*
  )
  if exist %%d\Local Settings (
    if exist %%d\Local Settings\Temp (
      for /d %%e in ( %%d\Local Settings\Temp\* ) do @(
        attrib -R -A -S -H %%e\*.*
        rmdir %%e /s /q
      )
      if exist %%d\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files (
        rmdir %%d\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files /s /q
      )
      if exist %%d\Local Settings\Temp\*.* (
        attrib -R -A -S -H %%d\Local Settings\Temp\*.*
        del %%d\Local Settings\Temp\*.* /q
      )
    )
  )
)

End of Availability of VMware ESX 4.x

  Dear Valued Customer,
VMware is announcing an End of Availability (“EoA”) date for VMware vSphere®   ESX hypervisor 4.x and for VMware Management Assistant (“vMA”) versions 1 and   4. The end of   availability date is August 15, 2013. This is a follow-on   communication to the general announcement made in July 2011 in connection   with the launch of vSphere 5.0.
This notification has NO IMPACT on existing vSphere ESXi 4.x   environments, and customers are NOT required to take any action.   However, it is recommended that customers make a backup or keep an archived   copy of these binaries and generate any necessary license keys in order to   maintain or expand a vSphere ESX hypervisor version 4.x or vMA versions 1 and   4 environment. These steps should be completed prior to August 15, 2013.   VMware will not provide any binaries or license keys for vSphere ESX   hypervisor 4.x or vMA versions 1 and 4 after August 15, 2013.
Additional information can be found at:
www.vmware.com/go/esx-end-of-availability
Please note:

  • vSphere ESX hypervisor 4.X and vMA support lifecycle
    The end of support life (“EOSL”) date remains May 21, 2014. VMware’s        support lifecycle page can be found at: www.vmware.com/support/policies/lifecycle/enterprise-infrastructure/eos.html
  • Customer’s ability to use the binaries of vSphere ESX        hypervisor 4.x or vMA versions 1 and 4 past August 15, 2013
    Customers retain the ability to use licensed binaries past the EoA or        EOSL dates. However, they will not be able to download binaries or        generate new license keys after the EoA date or obtain technical support        and subscription after the EOSL date.
  • vSphere ESXi 4.X availability and support – There is NO impact
  • vMA 4.1, 5, or 5.1 availability and support for all        versions – There is        NO impact

Can't Bind Windows 2008 R2 VM to Interface for DHCP

UPDATE: I had originally thought I had resolved this by removing/re-adding the adapter. Turns out the issue reappeared this morning. After more researching, I found that it was caused by WDS! Since I no longer need WDS for testing, I have disabled the service. Went into bindings for DHCP and checked the interface with the static IP and it kept the setting. NOW DHCP should be working permanently. =)

Ran into a weird issue this morning when moving DHCP from an ASA to a 2008 R2 virtual machine on VMware ESX 4.1. The 2008 R2 machine had a standard network, static, adapter. The DHCP server role installed fine. I could not bind the DHCP server to the interface though! I restarted the VM a few times while troubleshooting then decided to yank currently installed adapter out (uninstalled from 2008 R2 first, then removed from VM via vSphere client).

I added a VXNET3 adapter, re-assigned the IP address it previously had then restarted DHCP server. I immediately saw the DHCP server bind to the interface.

Just a strange issue.

What is VDI?

Virtual desktop infrastructure or VDI is a computing model that adds a layer of virtualization between the server and the desktop PCs.

VMware describes Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) as delivering desktops from the data center. In other words, VDI is where enterprise desktop computers are virtualized, moved to the data center, then presented over the LAN or WAN to the end users. Once VDI is used, typically the end user devices are replaced with thin-client devices.  I’ve worked with some thinclient devices such as the HP T5740
While VMware has a VDI product called VDM (Virtual Desktop Manager), VDI is not a product exclusive to VMware. Other VDI vendors include Citrix XenDesktop & Kidaro (now owned by Microsoft).

With VDI, virtual desktops are served by enterprise virtualization servers running products like VMware ESX, Microsoft Hyper-V, and Xen Server. With the addition of the VDI products, these desktops can be dynamically created, pooled & shared, or even accessed from a GUI menu, over a web page.

Here is a nice infographic regarding what it will take for VDI to take off.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_virtualization